Gum disease, characterized by inflammation and infection of the gums, is widespread in the US. Research suggests that nearly half of American adults live with the condition, which often brings symptoms like soreness, bad breath, and bleeding, making it both uncomfortable and painful.
There are a few ways to reduce the risk of gum disease—also known as periodontitis—or even reverse it in its early stages. Improved oral hygiene and regular visits to the hygienist are key, but new research suggests diet may also play an important role.
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A study of 200 dental hospital patients at King’s College London found that people who follow a Mediterranean-style diet—rich in whole foods like vegetables, fruits, nuts, grains, and pulses—have a lower risk of gum disease. By contrast, those who consume more red meat appear to face a higher risk.
This is likely because a plant-forward, whole food-based diet is associated with reduced inflammation, while red meat is linked with increased inflammation.
“We observed that there may be a connection between periodontal disease severity, diet, and inflammation,” Giuseppe Mainas, DDS, MClin Perio, PhDc, first author of the study and a postdoctoral researcher at King’s College London, said in a statement. “These aspects should be holistically considered when assessing the treatment for periodontitis in patients.”
“Our research offers an important starting point that can lead to more research to better understand the relationship between food intake and gum disease.”
The significant health benefits of a Mediterranean diet
A Mediterranean-style diet doesn’t just support gum health; it has been linked to a wide range of health benefits.
Earlier this year, for example, two new studies suggested that the same diet could help reduce the risk of Alzheimer’s and type 2 diabetes. In 2024, research suggested that it could help lower the risk of heart disease, PTSD, erectile dysfunction, and urinary tract infections. Another study, conducted in 2023, even found that a Mediterranean-style diet may help lower the risk of dying from cancer by as much as 28 percent.
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These benefits are likely due to the abundance of essential vitamins, minerals, disease-fighting antioxidants, anti-inflammatory plant compounds, and fiber found in plant foods.
While more research is needed into the link between diet and gum disease, the King’s College London team says the findings are a promising start. “Our research shows the potential effect that a nutrient-dense, plant-rich diet could play in improving the nation’s gum health,” said Luigi Nibali, PhD, Professor of Periodontology at King’s College London.
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Charlotte is a VegNews editor and writer based in sunny Southsea on England's southern coast.
